Zheng, X and C.S. Frederiksen, 1999 : Validating Interannual Variability induced by Forcing in an ensemble of AGCM Simulations. J. Climate, 12, 2386-2396.

ANOVA Technique

    Formulae for estimated variability for simulated data

    Formulae for estimated variability for observed data

Correlation Skill Analysis

    Formulae for estimated covariances and correlation coefficients

Example

    New Zealand Surface Temperature Variances

    New Zealand Surface Temperature Correlations

    New Zealand Surface Temperature Potential Predictability